Sep 11, · Us Phd Thesis On Csr And Mncs the other hand, is a perfect match for all my written needs. The writers are reliable, Us Phd Thesis On Csr And Mncs honest, extremely knowledgeable, and the results are always top of the class! - Pam, 3rd Year Art Visual Studies Us Phd Thesis On Csr And Mncs allow you toget a high quality essay. Our writers offer custom paper writing services 24/7. In addition, we offer a % guarantee for our custom written papers. We endeavor to deliver % satisfaction every time you come to us for assistance Us Phd Thesis On Csr And Mncs WriteMyEssayOnline Us Phd Thesis On Csr And Mncs knows how to get you through your academic trials. are viewing this site. Total price: $ 1. $ OUR GUARANTEES. Research Paper Writing. No need to spend nights on writing research paper. Get your research paper in just $3 per page
Us Phd Thesis On Csr And Mncs ✏️ » Pay someone to write my essay
Início Números 28 Dossier "Multinational enterprise Corporate Social Responsibility a This article focuses on the extant corporate social responsibility CSR practices in the oil and gas industry in Nigeria.
The oil and gas sector of Nigeria has been beset by a lot of problems not limited to violence, kidnappings, eco-terrorism, and maladministration amongst others. One way of curing the inherent problems is the use of CSR by many oil multinational corporations MNCs operating in Nigeria.
This article focuses on the Chinese oil firms operating in the oil and gas industry in Nigeria and investigates if they operate on the same basis as the Western firms.
Este artigo aborda as práticas atuais da responsabilidade social empresarial RSE na indústria do petróleo e do gás na Nigéria. O sector do petróleo e do gás da Nigéria tem sido marcado por muitos problemas não limitados à violência, raptos, us phd thesis on csr and mncs, ecoterrorismo e má-administração, entre os outros.
Uma forma de fazer face a tais problemas é o uso da RSE por muitas empresas multinacionais MNC petrolíferas que atuam na Nigéria. Este artigo foca as empresas chinesas de petróleo que atuam na indústria do petróleo e do gás na Nigéria e procura investigar se elas operam com as mesmas bases que as ocidentais. Este trabalho irá tentar perceber se as variantes da RSE praticadas por empresas não-ocidentais na Nigéria têm tido um impacto negativo ou positivo na indústria do petróleo e do gás, sobretudo no que diz respeito à contribuição da China à economia nigeriana.
CSR is an increasingly important part of the international business environment. Globalisation of world trade and the rise us phd thesis on csr and mncs powerful companies are mainly responsible for the rise of CSR practices. Gregorio de Castro alluded that the industrial revolution in Europe was a catalyst for responsible business behaviour Castro, Castro further alluded to Robert Owen who in the early part of the 19 th century set up social villages close to textile mills; the villages then catered for the general welfare health and education amongst others of the staff and family of the mills ibid.
The modern manifestation can be traced to Bowen Present-day notions of CSR are said to include concepts such as corporate citizenship, corporate sustainability and the stakeholder theory amongst other competing concepts, us phd thesis on csr and mncs. Wood posits that the CSR field or paradigm aims at investigating the relationships between business and society and the contributions they make in enhancing the quality of life of people Wood, In implementing ethical values, corporations need to assess their actions or inactions against the triple bottom line of CSR people, planet and profits which comprises of the social, economic and environmental impacts of business activities Pedemon, Thus, ethics and accountability play a major role in CSR paradigm.
The next part of the article will dwell on the elusive search for an acceptable definition of CSR. Multiple Interpretations of Corporate Social Responsibility. Responsible buying and supply chain management. Table adapted from Amaeshi and Adip. CSR makes corporations responsive to a lot more stakeholders other than just its shareholders.
These stakeholders could include suppliers, customers, shareholders, and the environment, and communities amongst others. Thus, the corporations are expected to take responsibility for their actions if any on the aforementioned stakeholders.
CSR explores issues relating to human rights, labour rights or standards, bribery and corruption amongst others Amao, In essence, CSR extends beyond the traditional and legal requirements expected of corporations with regard to its impact on its stakeholders.
Thus, one manifestation of CSR might be self-regulation of MNCs. Campbell argues that the major reason why there is no acceptable definition of CSR is the absence of an acceptable normative basis underlying CSR practice Campbell, Whitehouse, who is in tandem with the above view, argues that:.
the apparent failure of CSR to fulfil its potential in remedying the adverse impact of corporate activity is due in part to the failure on the part of its advocates to establish a universally accepted definition of the term and the normative grounding necessary for effective regulation Whitehouse,p.
Thus, us phd thesis on csr and mncs, CSR is highly subjective and its meaning is us phd thesis on csr and mncs on the area of specialisation it is being defined from. Thus, a universally applicable definition is unachievable. Okoye argued that CSR is a highly contested concept because of the numerous definitions, arguments and counter-arguments inherent in its numerous definitions. The first view was encapsulated by Schwartz and Carroll who opined that business is obligated only to make profits within the boundaries of minimal legal and ethical compliance.
Thus, CSR is seen as a disincentive to businesses. It goes against the tenets of sound business ideals and weakens its focus on the traditional function of business with regards to profit or wealth creation Murray, InMilton Friedman famously stated that companies should have no social responsibilities other than to maximise returns to their shareholders.
This article is not us phd thesis on csr and mncs tandem with the above assertion by Friedman. This is referred to as the accountability school of thought Idemudia,p. Thus, CRS is constrained by the traditional tenets of business profit making and firms will maximise profits over making meaningful contributions via the instrumentality of CSR initiatives. In essence, firms need to look beyond their narrow prism of traditional stakeholders shareholders and focus on other members of society, us phd thesis on csr and mncs.
Thus, CSR is said to add value to a company. CSR initiatives have been adopted by a considerable number of MNCs, NGOs, commentators, ordinary business organizations amongst others ibid. It has been suggested that accountability or ethics is a major hindrance. In ordinary companies, the company is accountable to its shareholders.
In a stakeholder or socially responsible firm, it is argued that managers, employees or other agents could be said to be stakeholders Ho, Arguably, this would be contrary to the tenets of good corporate governance. Ho further argued that a company being accountable to every stakeholder would be unjustified and therefore, unworkable.
Thus, in the words of Sternbergp. CSR is said to be a popular fad and a convenient label that encourages people to be dictatorial because any kind of government or state intrusion can be justified on the basis of stakeholder theory.
Procedural dimension of CSR encompasses the gamut of procedural manifestation of CSR. He gave examples of the way companies develop policies, management systems and their interaction with relevant stakeholders Gouldson, Thus, it is about the processes companies engage in as a means of actualising their CSR objectives. The substantive dimension of CSR initiatives encompasses the practical manifestations or implications of corporate activities. This may involve environmental us phd thesis on csr and mncs of a corporate activity, human rights issues or poor labour standards amongst others.
This theme will be further developed in a later part of this article. They define CSR as follows:. a that companies have a responsibility for their us phd thesis on csr and mncs on society and the natural environment sometimes beyond legal compliance and the liability of individuals; b that companies have a responsibility for the behaviour of others with whom they do business e.
within supply chains ; and c that business needs to manage its relationship with wider society, whether for reasons of commercial viability or to add value to society. However, the modern manifestation of CSR is a Western influenced or imposed concept. Us phd thesis on csr and mncs, the mainstream CSR discourse neglects the local concerns of developing countries especially African societies.
However, similarities can be gleaned in the manifestation of CSR in African countries especially us phd thesis on csr and mncs the development perspective Okoye, us phd thesis on csr and mncs, ; Idemudia, In South Africa, issues such as apartheid, injustices and inequality have influenced the manifestation of CSR. the responsibility of the company for the impacts of its decisions and activities on society and the environment, through transparent and ethical behaviour that contributes to sustainable development, including health and the welfare of us phd thesis on csr and mncs takes into account the legitimate interest and expectations of stakeholders; is in compliance with applicable law and consistent with international norms of behaviour; and is integrated throughout the company and practiced in its relationships Kings III Report,p.
He further argued that in Africa, the motivation for CSR comes from the institutional failure of the government, unlike in USA and Europe, where government pressure on MNCs has gone a long way in shaping CSR initiatives.
An obvious example is the recent BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in the USA. The response of the American governments to the disaster led BP to make arrangements for substantial compensation to the affected people. They defined CSR in the Nigerian context as:. CSR in Nigeria would be aimed towards addressing the peculiarity of the socio-economic development challenges of the country e. poverty alleviation, health care provision, infrastructural development, education, us phd thesis on csr and mncs, etc.
and would be informed by socio-cultural influences e. communalism and charity. consumer protection, fair trade, green marketing, climate change concerns, social responsible investments, etc.
Thus, in developing countries, the absence of government action in providing amenities for its citizens accentuates the roles of multinationals in CSR and philanthropy is not regarded as CSR in Western countries Frynas, The Oil and Gas Journal posits that Nigeria had an estimated The Federal Government is in joint-venture agreements with the oil MNCs operating in the oil and gas sector in Nigeria.
The Federal Government controls and owns the land including its natural resources in the subsoil. This is a major source of conflict in the Niger Delta. Lands can be acquired by the government for over-riding public purposes by virtue of the Land Use Act CSR initiatives in Nigeria may include the building of hospitals, schools, markets and provision of pipe borne water amongst others Amaeshi et al.
In Nigeria, academics such as EdohoFrynasAkpanTuodoloand others have argued that the CSR process in Nigeria is not far reaching or deeply entrenched. Thus, it has been contended that some of these CSR initiatives are not carried out on a coherent basis and not always sustained Amaeshi et al. Notwithstanding the minimal contributions of CSR to oil producing communities in the Niger Delta, many communities still suffer from various ills including gas flaring, oil spillage and violence amongst others.
To further elucidate these assertions, Eweje illustrates that it is becoming increasingly apparent to oil companies that pollution prevention pays while pollution does not and under pressure from stakeholder groups, oil companies now routinely incorporate environmental impact assessments into their corporate strategy. Amaeshi and Amao argued that in respect of codes of conduct of Nigeria, declarations by such firms are affected by the economic system in the home country of the MNC.
Thus, if the home country is a mixed economy, its codes of conduct operational in Nigeria will be influenced by its political or economic background. As a furtherance of this, philanthropy is seen to be a cultural driver for CSR activities in Nigeria. Amaeshi et al. Thus, the study confirmed that CSR is part of corporate culture in Nigeria. A prime example is the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative EITI. The EITI sets a global standard for transparency in oil, gas and mining EITI website 2 It aims at promoting transparency and accountability in payments made by extractive corporations to government and government agents EITI website.
In Nigeria the initiative is called NEITI Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative and it has been domesticated into Nigerian law. A number of oil MNCs that have signed up to this include Chevron Group, BG Group, Shell, Statoil, Total, CNOOC China and ONGC India amongst others NEITI website 3.
The EITI Board designated Nigeria as EITI Compliant on 1 March The aim of such regular audits is to reconcile the amounts the companies pay to the federal government and the amount the government states it gets from the companies ibid.
Community Corporate Partnership Model 19.07.17 xRev
, time: 1:08:32Master's thesis - CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: Strategy and impac…
Us Phd Thesis On Csr And Mncs why everyone Us Phd Thesis On Csr And Mncs in our company has their tasks and perform them promptly to provide you with the required assistance Us Phd Thesis On Csr And Mncs on time. We even have an urgent delivery option for short essays, term papers, or research papers needed within 8 to 24 hours We have a team Us Phd Thesis On Csr And Mncs of editors who proofread every paper to make sure there are no grammar errors and typos. Our goal is to deliver a polished paper to you. If there are any minor things you would like to change, our writers will do it Us Phd Thesis On Csr And Mncs: ghostwriter bachelorarbeit kosten We assure you that as the price depends which is totally commendable. Select the type of dealing with us phd thesis on csr and mncs for. Psychology to write on, to contact us and fill in us phd thesis on csr and mncs application. Customer Support Team%(K)
No comments:
Post a Comment